Development and Utilization of Saline Lake Resources and Protection of Ecological Environment in Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MENG Wei  SHU Jianmin  YANG Rongjin  LI Yanwu 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):191-193

正Qaidam basin is an important part of National Key Development Area–Lanzhou-Xining Area,is a key region of resource development in Western Development,is a National Circular Economy Pilot Zone.The focus of  相似文献   

我国蒙新地区近40年来湖泊动态变化与气候耦合   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

闫立娟  郑绵平 《地球学报》2014,35(4):463-472

湖泊对气候变化有着敏感的反应,是气候变化的镜子。本文以RS和GIS技术为基础,从20世纪70年代、90年代、2000年前后和2010年前后四期Landsat遥感影像中提取了我国内蒙古和新疆所有湖泊信息,建立了蒙新地区湖泊空间数据库。一方面,用ArcGIS软件对研究区湖泊信息进行了统计和空间分析,从时间和空间上分析了蒙新地区湖泊从20世纪70年代至2010年前后近40年湖泊的动态变化情况;另一方面,选取了蒙新地区面积大于5 km2的所有湖泊,逐个分析其在四个时期的变化情况,并根据变化结果进行分区。从20世纪70年代至90年代,内蒙古东南部和新疆西部的湖泊呈现萎缩的趋势,其余地区则在扩张;20世纪90年代至2000年前后,内蒙古东南部湖泊呈现萎缩的趋势,内蒙古北部和新疆全区湖泊呈现扩张的趋势;从2000年前后至2010年前后,内蒙古东北部和新疆西部的湖泊呈现萎缩的趋势,其余地区湖泊呈现扩张的趋势。在全球气候变暖的背景下,本文分析了蒙新地区40个气象台站的气温、降雨量和蒸发量数据,可知:近40年来,蒙新地区气温持续上升;2000年之前,内蒙古的降雨量呈增加的趋势,2000年之后骤减,而新疆大部分地区的降雨量呈增加的趋势;蒙新地区蒸发量整体呈现减少的趋势。湖泊的动态变化基本上与气候的变化趋势相吻合。最后,笔者以新疆博斯腾湖为例,分析了湖泊变化的影响因素:气候环境和人类活动。  相似文献   

Understanding salt mobilization from an irrigated catchment in south‐eastern Australia     

B. Selle  T. Thayalakumaran  M. Morris 《水文研究》2010,24(23):3307-3321

Groundwater discharge from the Riverine Plains of the southern Murray‐Darling Basin is a major process contributing salt to the Murray River in Australia. In this study, data from an irrigated 60 000 ha catchment in the Riverine Plains were analysed to understand groundwater discharge into deeply incised drains, the process dominating salt mobilization from the catchment. We applied three integrated methodologies: classification and regression trees (CART), conceptual modelling and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to a comprehensive, spatially lumped, monthly data set from July 1975 to December 2004. Using CART analysis, it was shown that rainfall was the most important variable consistently explaining the salt load patterns at the catchment outlet. Using the conceptual model representing spatially lumped groundwater discharge into deeply incised drains, we demonstrated that salt mobilization from the study catchment can be well represented by a rainfall contribution, influenced by the hydraulic head in the deep regional aquifer and potential evapotranspiration. Using ANNs, it was confirmed that rainfall had a much higher impact on salt loads at the catchment outlet than irrigation water use. All these results demonstrate that under conditions similar to those experienced from 1975 to 2004, it is rainfall rather than irrigation water use that governs salt mobilization from the study catchment. Management of salt mobilization from irrigated catchments has traditionally focussed on the improvement of irrigation practices but it could be equally important to further understand the scope for management to control groundwater discharge in these irrigation areas. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A new tool to trace past human presence from lake sediments: the human‐specific molecular marker Bacteroides strain HF 183          下载免费PDF全文

JACEK MADEJA 《第四纪科学杂志》2015,30(4):349-354

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Outburst susceptibility assessment of moraine‐dammed lakes in Western Himalaya using an analytic hierarchy process          下载免费PDF全文

Chander Prakash  R. Nagarajan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(14):2306-2321

Glacier retreat results in the formation and expansion, and sometimes outburst, of moraine‐dammed lakes worldwide. Sudden outburst floods from such lakes have caused enormous damage to settlements and infrastructure located downstream. Such lakes located in the Himalayan region are highly prone to outburst floods due to climatic conditions and geotectonic settings. In this study, multi‐temporal Landsat images from 2002–2014, digital elevation models (DEMs), geomorphic analysis and modelling were used to assess the changes in glacial lakes and the outburst susceptibility of moraine‐dammed lakes in the Chandra–Bhaga basin of the north‐western Indian Himalaya. An inventory of lakes was developed using satellite data, thematic maps and ground‐based investigations for the Chandra–Bhaga basin. The total area of all glacial lakes (size >5000 m²) increased by 47% from 2002 to 2014, with a pronounced increase of 57% for moraine‐dammed lakes. Sixteen moraine‐dammed lakes were identified and assessed for outburst susceptibility using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Forty‐one reported glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) events from moraine‐dammed lakes in Himalayan regions were analysed, culminating in the identification of 11 critical factors for assessing outburst susceptibility using the AHP, including those related to the lake area and change, surrounding terrain characteristics, dam geometry, regional seismicity and rainfall history. The past three GLOF events in the Himalayan region were used to validate the method and to classify moraine‐dammed lakes as having very high, high, medium or low outburst susceptibility. Eight lakes classified as very high and high outburst susceptibility should be further investigated in detail. The proposed AHP‐based approach is suitable for first‐order identification of critical lakes for prioritising future detailed investigation and monitoring of moraine‐dammed glacial lakes in the Himalayan region. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The effect of temperature‐humidity similarity on Bowen ratios,dimensionless standard deviations,and mass transfer coefficients over a lake          下载免费PDF全文

Nelson Luís Dias  Dornelles Vissotto Jr. 《水文研究》2017,31(2):256-269

Similarity between heat and water vapor turbulent transport in the Atmospheric Surface Layer has been the basis of many engineering models to calculate surface fluxes, including the widely applied Bowen ratio equation, for a long time. Modernly, it is best understood within the context of Monin‐Obkhov Similarity Theory (MOST). In this work we study similarity between temperature and humidity, the Bowen ratio, and turbulent mass and heat transfer coefficients over a tropical lake in Brazil (Furnas Lake). The analysis was partly based on the concept of ‘Surface flux numbers’ recently proposed to diagnose scalar similarity, and considered wind directions and flux footprints. A period of 50 days of 30‐min. micrometeorological runs was used. Several cases of dissimilar temperature‐humidity behavior were found in the data. Both footprint extent and an aggregate temperature‐humidity Surface flux number turned out to be insufficient to diagnose these situations, but separate flux numbers for each scalar were able to diagnose their individual conformity to MOST. Overall, temperature displayed consistently larger relative variances and fluxes in comparison with humidity. The results highlight the need of careful analysis when measurements are made at sites close to land, when flux footprints may extend over there, indicating the possibility of advection effects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Metabolic Profiling to Elucidate Genetic Elements Due to Salt Stress     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(12)

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大米草室内叶片光谱特征参数与叶绿素浓度关系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢霞  刘付程  田慧娟 《测绘科学》2010,35(6):99-102

本文通过分析大米草叶片反射光谱特征,并提取红边位置、红边斜率和红边面积三个红边参数以及叶面叶绿素指数(LCI)、水分指数(WI)、三角植被指数(TVI)、结构相关色素指数(SIPI)四个高光谱植被指数,利用线性、对数、倒数、二次函数和三次函数曲线模拟算法得到大米草叶片叶绿素a浓度的高光谱估算模型。研究结果表明:叶绿素a浓度与红边斜率和红边面积在0.01水平上显著负相关,与LCI、WI和TVI在0.01水平上显著正相关。基于红边斜率、红边面积、TVI三个参数,选用倒数法构建叶绿素a浓度的估算模型精度明显高于其他算法。基于LCI和WI参数,应用三次函数法构建的叶绿素a浓度的高光谱检测模型精度明显高于其他算法。比较R2和模型估算误差,利用WI水分指数应用三次函数构建叶绿素a浓度的高光谱检测模型精度在所有模型中最高。因此,利用叶片光谱技术可以较高精度地估算叶绿素a浓度。  相似文献   

Orbital imprint on Holocene palaeohydrological variations in west‐central Europe as reflected by lake‐level changes at Cerin (Jura Mountains,eastern France)     

Michel Magny  Gilles Bossuet  Pascale Ruffaldi  Aurélie Leroux  Jacques Mouthon 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(2):171-177

This paper presents a lake‐level record for the Holocene at Lake Cerin (Jura Mountains, eastern France). It is based on a range of sedimentological techniques validated in previous studies, with a combination of systematic lithostratigraphic investigations of the infillings accumulated in the lacustrine basin, and sediment analyses of two selected cores. The chronology is based on 10 radiocarbon dates and pollen stratigraphy. On a millennial scale, the Cerin lake‐level record shows three distinct successive phases characterised by higher lake‐level conditions until ca. 9000 cal. a BP, followed by a maximal lowering at ca. 9000–8500 cal. a BP, and a progressive rise until the present. This rise was punctuated by centennial‐scale fluctuations, with major events around 4000, 2800 and after 1500 cal. a BP. Considered on a multimillennial scale, the general pattern of palaeohydrological changes reconstructed at Cerin reflects the impact of orbitally driven summer insolation. This is in agreement with other regional and extra‐regional palaeoclimatic records, although every record shows peculiarities in timing and shape depending on the proxy used for reconstruction. In this general context, centennial to multicentennial oscillations appear to have been second‐order events in comparison with the major influence of the orbital factor. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Validation of a chrysophyte stomatocyst‐based cold‐season climate reconstruction from high‐Alpine Lake Silvaplana,Switzerland     

Rixt De Jong  Christian Kamenik 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(3):268-275

For the reliable assessment of past climate variability, quantitative reconstructions of seasonal temperatures are required. Currently, reconstructions of cold‐season temperatures are scarce, because most biological proxies are biased towards the growing season. Here we test the potential of chrysophyte stomatocysts (or simply ‘cysts’; siliceous resting stages of the golden‐brown algae) as a proxy for cold‐season temperature. Climate reconstructions based on biological proxies are commonly constructed using transfer functions derived from calibration in space. However, the performance of these reconstructions is rarely tested by direct comparison with meteorological data due to limitations of sample resolution or chronological control. We compare a cyst‐based near‐annual reconstruction of ‘date of spring mixing’ from the varved sediments of Lake Silvaplana (Swiss Alps) spanning AD 1870–2004 with climate variables from the same period measured at the lake shore. The high correlation between cyst‐based ‘date of spring mixing’ and cold‐season temperature demonstrates the ability of chrysophyte cysts to archive cold‐season temperature variability. Lake eutrophication, which was extensive during the last 50 years, had no obvious effect on the cyst‐based reconstruction. This study underlines the high potential of chrysophyte cysts as a quantitative proxy for cold‐season climate reconstructions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献